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The valve is a pipeline accessory used to open and close the pipeline, control the flow direction, and adjust and control the parameters (temperature, pressure and flow) of the conveying medium. According to its function, it can be divided into shut-off valve, check valve, regulating valve, etc.

A valve is a device used to control the direction, pressure, and flow of a fluid in a fluid system. It is a device that enables or stops the medium (liquid, gas, powder) in piping and equipment and can control its flow.
The valve is a control component in the pipeline fluid conveying system, which is used to change the passage section and the flow direction of the medium, and has the functions of diversion, cut-off, throttling, non-return, shunt or overflow and pressure relief. Valves used for fluid control, from the simplest shut-off valve to various valves used in extremely complex automatic control systems, have a wide range of varieties and specifications. The nominal diameter of the valve ranges from a very small instrument valve to a large diameter of 10m Valves for industrial pipelines. It can be used to control the flow of various types of fluids such as water, steam, oil, gas, mud, various corrosive media, liquid metals and radioactive fluids. The working pressure of the valve can range from 0.0013MPa to 1000MPa ultra-high pressure, and the working temperature can Ultra-low temperature of c-270℃ to high temperature of 1430℃.
The control of the valve can adopt a variety of transmission methods, such as manual, electric, hydraulic, pneumatic, turbine, electromagnetic, electromagnetic hydraulic, electro-hydraulic, gas-hydraulic, spur gear, bevel gear drive, etc.; Or under the action of other forms of sensing signals, it acts according to the predetermined requirements, or simply opens or closes without relying on the sensing signals. The valve relies on the drive or automatic mechanism to make the opening and closing parts lift, slide, swing or rotate. Movement, thereby changing the size of its flow channel area to achieve its control function.
Valves can be used to control the flow of various types of fluids such as air, water, steam, various corrosive media, mud, oil, liquid metal and radioactive media. Valves are also divided into cast iron valves, cast steel valves, stainless steel valves (201, 304, 316, etc.), chrome molybdenum steel valves, chrome molybdenum vanadium steel valves, dual-phase steel valves, plastic valves, non-standard customized valves, etc.

By function and use
(1) Shut-off valve
This type of valve is for opening and closing. Permanently installed on the inlet and outlet of cold and heat sources, equipment inlet and outlet, and branch lines of pipelines (including standpipes), and can also be used as water and air relief valves. Common shut-off valves include gate valves, globe valves, ball valves and butterfly valves.
Gate valve can be divided into open rod and dark rod, single gate and double gate, wedge gate and parallel gate, etc. The closing tightness of the gate valve is not good, and the large-diameter gate valve is difficult to open; the valve body size is small in the direction of water flow, the flow resistance is small, and the nominal diameter of the gate valve span is large.
According to the flow direction of the medium, the globe valve is divided into three types: straight-through type, right-angle type and direct-current type, and there are open rods and dark rods. The closing tightness of the globe valve is better than that of the gate valve, the valve body is long, the flow resistance is large, and the maximum nominal diameter is DN200.
The valve core of the ball valve is a round ball with a hole. When the valve stem is moved by the plate, it is fully open when the opening of the sphere is facing the axis of the pipeline, and fully closed when it is rotated 90°. The ball valve has a certain adjustment performance and is closed more tightly.
The valve core of the butterfly valve is a circular valve plate, which can rotate along the vertical axis perpendicular to the axis of the pipeline. When the plane of the valve plate is consistent with the axis of the pipe, it is fully open; when the plane of the gate plate is perpendicular to the axis of the pipe, it is fully closed. Butterfly valve body length is small, flow resistance is small, and the price is higher than gate valve and globe valve.
(2) Check valve
This type of valve is used to prevent the backflow of the medium. It uses the kinetic energy of the fluid itself to open by itself, and automatically closes when the flow is reversed. Permanently located at the outlet of the pump, the outlet of the steam trap and other places where the reverse flow of the fluid is not allowed. Check valves are divided into three types: swing type, lift type and wafer type. For the swing check valve, when the fluid can only flow from left to right, it automatically closes when the flow is reversed. For the lift check valve, when the fluid flows from left to right, the valve core is lifted to form a passage, and when the fluid flows in the opposite direction, the valve core is pressed against the valve seat and closed. For the wafer check valve, when the fluid flows from left to right, the spool is opened to form a passage. When the fluid flows in the opposite direction, the spool is pressed against the valve seat and closed. The wafer check valve can have multiple positions. Installation, small size, light weight and compact structure.
(3) Control valve
The pressure difference between the front and rear of the valve is constant. When the opening degree of the ordinary valve changes within a large range, the flow rate changes little, and when it reaches a certain opening degree, the flow rate changes sharply, that is, the adjustment performance is poor. The regulating valve can change the valve spool stroke to change the resistance number of the valve according to the direction and size of the signal, so as to achieve the purpose of regulating the flow of the valve. The regulating valve is divided into manual regulating valve and automatic regulating valve, and there are many types of manual or automatic regulating valve, and their regulating performance is also different. Automatic regulating valves include self-operated flow regulating valves and self-operated differential pressure regulating valves.
(4) Vacuum class
Vacuum type includes vacuum ball valve, vacuum flapper valve, vacuum inflation valve, pneumatic vacuum valve, etc. Its function is in the vacuum system, the vacuum system components used to change the direction of the airflow, adjust the airflow, and cut off or connect the pipeline are called vacuum valves.
(5) Special purpose
Special purpose categories include pigging valves, venting valves, blowdown valves, exhaust valves, filters, etc.
The exhaust valve is an indispensable auxiliary component in the pipeline system, and is widely used in boilers, air conditioners, oil and gas, water supply and drainage pipelines. It is often installed at the commanding heights or elbows, etc., to remove excess gas in the pipeline, improve the efficiency of the pipeline and reduce energy consumption.